As of 2024, the relationship between Myanmar-China remains multifaceted and significant, influenced by a combination of political, economic, and strategic factors. Here are some key aspects of their relationship:

1. Economic Ties:

• Trade and Investment: China is one of Myanmar’s largest trading partners and investors. The economic ties between the two countries are strong, with China investing in infrastructure projects under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), such as ports, highways, and energy projects. The China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC), which includes a network of road, rail, and energy links, is a cornerstone of their economic relationship.
• Energy Projects: China is involved in several major energy projects in Myanmar, including oil and gas pipelines that run from the Bay of Bengal in Myanmar to China’s Yunnan province. These pipelines are strategically important for China, providing an alternative route for energy supplies that bypass the Strait of Malacca.

2. Political Relations:

• Diplomatic Support: China has often provided diplomatic support to Myanmar on the international stage, particularly in the face of Western criticism over human rights issues and the military coup in February 2021. China’s stance has generally been one of non-interference in Myanmar’s internal affairs, aligning with its broader foreign policy principle.
• Military and Security Cooperation: China maintains a close relationship with Myanmar’s military (Tatmadaw). This includes arms sales and military training, contributing to the strategic partnership between the two nations. However, China’s influence is also a point of sensitivity, as some factions within Myanmar may view Chinese involvement with suspicion.

3. Ethnic Conflicts and Border Security:

• Ethnic Militias: The Myanmar-China border area is home to several ethnic armed groups, some of which have historical ties to China. China has occasionally acted as a mediator in peace talks between these groups and the Myanmar government. Stability in this border region is crucial for both countries, with China being concerned about potential cross-border violence and refugee flows.
• Refugee and Security Concerns: There have been instances of instability along the border that have prompted China to deploy security measures to prevent the spillover of conflict into its territory. Managing these concerns continues to be a delicate aspect of their bilateral relations.

4. Public Perception and Domestic Sentiment:

• While the Myanmar government generally maintains positive relations with China, public sentiment within Myanmar can be more complex. There is often suspicion and concern over China’s influence and its involvement in local projects, particularly regarding land rights and environmental impact. Anti-China sentiment can sometimes flare up, influenced by nationalistic feelings and perceptions of Chinese economic dominance.

5. Geopolitical Dynamics:

• Myanmar’s strategic location makes it important for China’s regional ambitions, providing access to the Indian Ocean. China’s presence in Myanmar is also part of its broader strategy to enhance its influence in Southeast Asia. Conversely, Myanmar seeks to balance its relations with China by engaging with other regional powers, such as India and Japan, and by maintaining relations with ASEAN and the West.

In summary, the relationship between Myanmar and China in 2024 remains robust, shaped by strategic interests, economic cooperation, and political considerations. However, it also faces challenges related to ethnic conflicts, domestic sentiment in Myanmar, and broader geopolitical dynamics.